Vitamin K is a group refers to a naphthoquinone derivative 2- menadione, is a human vitamin, with hydrophobic. It is certain post-translational protein necessary, especially blood coagulation protein necessary. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone (Menaquinone) and Vitamin K2 (Menatetrenone)) is usually caused by bacteria in the intestines of animals in manufacturing, so the lack of vitamin K is extremely rare, unless there are severe intestinal damage. In addition to natural vitamin K1, K2, there are also synthetic vitamin K3, K4. Vitamin K deficiency occurs due to absorption in the intestine is disturbed (eg bile duct obstruction), or as a result of treatment or accidentally taking vitamin K antagonists, but because of nutritional deficiencies caused by vitamin K deficiency is very rare. Due to the lack of vitamin K is not leaving the Gla residues or only partially generated, and therefore Gla protein is inactivated. Three physiological functions mentioned above may result in a lack of control: the risk of uncontrollable bleeding, cartilage calcification and severe deformation of bone growth, insoluble calcium deposition in the arterial wall. There are many reasons why the neonatal vitamin K deficiency. When they were born Candidates may lack vitamin K, because this vitamin is not easy from the mother to the fetus through the placenta, insufficient provided via breastfeeding vitamin K, vitamin K and bacterial production of fetal intestinal yet to enter, so some of this vitamin newborn will be very limited. Carboxylation of vitamin K participate in a particular protein of γ position glutamic acid, these γ- carboxyglutamate (abbreviated Gla) involved in calcium ion binding, while having Gla residues are essential for protein activity collectively Gla - proteins. Currently, there are 14 individual class Gla- protein was found, they are involved in the following physiological effects: blood coagulation (prothrombin (FactorⅡ), coagulation factor Ⅶ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ, C- protein, S- and Z- protein protein), bone metabolism, blood vessels |